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Is the Equinox the Best Time to Visit Northern Lights? Fact vs Fiction

Is the Equinox the Best Time to Visit Northern Lights?

Are the equinoxes the best time to visit Northern Lights? Discover the science, debunk myths, and learn when to plan your aurora adventure.

Since the dawn of time, the auroras have fascinated humanity. The ghostly lights have dazzled observers for centuries and changed the way that we look at the upper atmosphere. And, as with most natural phenomena, people have associated the auroras with the equinoxes. Even today, many believe that the best time to visit northern lights is during this time of year, which has resulted in a swarm of myths, misunderstandings, and oversimplified explanations.

Myths Regarding the Best Time to Visit Northern Lights

Let’s take a closer look at the top five myths associated with the equinoxes.

Myth 1: The Equinoxes Cause Auroras

One of the most persistent beliefs is that the equinoxes are the best time to visit northern lights. This myth has persisted for centuries, and it’s easy to see why. After all, statistics have shown that auroral activity often peaks during the equinoxes. But, as we look closer, we find that the truth is a lot more nuanced.

The Science

We need to take a step back and look at the science of the auroras. The natural phenomenon is actually caused by interactions between the sun and the earth. As particles ejected from the sun pass over the Earth’s magnetic field, they create the charge needed to create the glowing plasma.

To understand why the auroras tend to be more frequent during the equinoxes, we need to look at the Russell-McPherron effect. During the time of the equinoxes, the Earth’s magnetic field is better aligned with the interplanetary magnetic field that is carried by the solar winds. As a result, the alignment allows more particles to penetrate into the Earth’s magnetosphere. As the particles penetrate deeper into the upper atmosphere, they create more vivid aurora displays.

Because of this effect, the equinoxes create the conditions that make the auroras more likely to occur, statistically. Other conditions like coronal mass ejections and solar flares also increase the odds of their appearance.

Practical Implications

As the equinoxes provide more favorable conditions for the appearance of the auroras, people have simply assumed that the auroras are more likely to appear on March 20 and September 23. But, this is not the case. It’s still always better to monitor solar activity and geomagnetic forecasts to predict the auroras than the date on the calendar.

The best time to visit the northern lights is during large coronal mass ejections

Myth 2: Equinoxes Are the Best Time to Visit Northern Lights Because They Are Brighter

Naturally, if people believe that the auroras are more likely to appear during the equinoxes, then it follows that they are more likely to believe that they will be more vivid during this same time period.

The Science

The brightness and intensity of the auroras are generally a result of the strength of geomagnetic storms. These storms range from G1 to G5, with the latter being the most extreme. And, this rating is based on the influx of charged particles from the sun, into the Earth’s upper atmosphere. During stronger storms, more vivid displays are likely, regardless of the time of year.

As already discussed, the equinoxes cannot directly cause the auroras to become more vivid. Instead, the equinox only creates the right conditions for an increase in geomagnetic disturbances. This increase is a result of the efficiency of the solar wind to magnetosphere coupling. It has everything to do with the alignment of the magnetic poles. And, although it creates better conditions for the auroras to appear, it does not guarantee a more vivid display.

Weather and Location Considerations

Even if there is a strong geomagnetic storm, weather, and location play the most important roles in the visibility of the auroras. Things like cloud cover, light pollution, and the phases of the moon can adversely affect the display. With that said, during the March equinox, the northernmost auroral zones which include Scandinavia, Alaska, and Canada, often experience clearer skies as a result of weather transitions. And, during the September equinox, this seasonal change results in wetter conditions in these same regions.

Myth 3: The Equinoxes Are the Best Time to Visit Northern Lights Because They Guarantee Aurora Sightings

Then there is the myth that equinoxes will guarantee the appearance of an aurora display. It’s amazing how many people believe that the equinoxes are somehow a magic bullet for spotting the aurora borealis. All too often, they are disappointed when the lights fail to appear at all. This is a classic example of wishful thinking versus statistical misunderstanding.

The Science

We already discussed the importance of statistics when it comes to the appearance of the northern lights. As a result of the alignment of the magnetic poles, there is a possibility for an increased amount of solar activity. But, this does not guarantee the appearance of the auroras. Solar activity itself is unpredictable. And, even during the equinoxes, it is possible to go the entire week without ever seeing any ghostly lights.

Practical Tips

To improve your odds of viewing the northern lights, you need to pay close attention to the Kp index. This is the measure of geomagnetic activity in our atmosphere. Whenever the Kp value is five or higher, the geomagnetic storm is strong enough to produce auroras in the areas just outside of the auroral regions. Make use of apps and websites like Space Weather Live or NOAA’s Aurora Alerts.

Use the Kp Index to determine the strength of the auroras

Myth 4: Auroras Are Equally Visible in Both Hemispheres During the Equinoxes

Now this is a unique myth because the vast majority of people living in the northern hemisphere don’t even realize that there are auroras in the South. However, even to those who know that aurora borealis refers only to the northern hemisphere, and aurora australis refers to the southern, there is the same misunderstanding that the phenomenon is equally visible during the equinoxes.

The Science

It’s important to remember that the geomagnetic activity of our planet does not affect both the northern and southern hemispheres equally. During a strong storm, auroras are capable of appearing simultaneously in the north and south. However, the southern hemisphere is far less accessible. In fact, most of the southern auroral zone lies over the ocean or Antarctica. As a result, the auroras australis is much harder to observe.

Viewing Challenges

Viewing the northern lights is simple, thanks to populated areas like Scandinavia, Alaska, and Canada. Viewing the southern lights, on the other hand, is limited to regions like Tasmania and the southernmost part of New Zealand. Because of the distance from the South Pole, solar storms need to be stronger to be more visible.

Myth 5: The Equinoxes Eliminate All Other Viewing Challenges

Last but not least, some believe that the equinoxes eliminate viewing challenges. There are far too many people who misunderstand how the equinoxes actually create the perfect conditions for viewing the auroras. This results in a misguided belief that weather and light pollution simply disappear during the time period. And, this myth often results in frustrated first-time aurora chasers.

The Reality

Capturing a glimpse of the aurora borealis can be a complex endeavor no matter how you look at it. The appearance of the natural phenomenon depends on a multitude of factors that go well beyond the geomagnetic activity of the planet. Cloud cover can easily obstruct the visibility of the northern lights, especially in climates where the equinox season brings in unsettled weather. Light pollution from cities and towns can also prevent the ability to see the lights, no matter where in the world you are.

Additionally, the equinox does not have any effect on the phases of the moon. A full moon can actually brighten the sky enough to completely diminish the appearance of any low-powered aurora displays. And, the light is bright enough that even with a vivid display, it would be hard to see the ghostly lights dance across the night sky.

Preparation Tips

So, in order to maximize her chances, you need to choose a darker, more remote location to view the elusive lights. Make use of real-time weather forecasts to identify the best night to go hunting, and always remember to dress warmly.

The auroras as seen from the International Space Station

The Science of Why Equinoxes Are the Best Time to Visit Northern Lights

Now it’s time to take a closer look at the science that busts these myths.

The Russell-McPherron Effect

It was back in the 1970s when the Russell-McPherron effect was first observed. The scientists found that during the March and September equinoxes, the tilt of the earth access aligned with the IMF. This alignment helps to facilitate a stronger coupling between the two fields, which results in more solar particles penetrating the magnetosphere, and the upper atmosphere. All of this adds up to an increased likelihood of an aurora display.

Day-Night Symmetry

During the equinoxes, both the northern and southern hemispheres experience roughly the same amount of day and night. This symmetry creates a wider window of the darkness that is needed to see the displays. And, since the northern and southern hemispheres are both affected by the geomagnetic disturbances, it is suggested that there are increased odds of seeing displays in both hemispheres.

Seasonal Energy Dynamics

Then there is the seasonal energy dynamics. The solar wind speeds can fluctuate throughout the year. The wind speed is dependent on the structure of the sun’s corona, which is the outermost part of its atmosphere. The appearance of coronal holes creates high-speed solar wind streams, and during the equinoxes, they tend to align more favorably with the Earth. This only helps to create better conditions for the appearance of the auroras.

Weather and Aurora Viewing During the Equinoxes

But, it’s important to remember that the visibility of the auroras also depends on earth conditions. If the skies are cloudy, then it will be virtually impossible to view the ghostly lights. And, the equinoxes actually mark the transition between winter and summer or vice versa. As a result, weather patterns during this time can vary significantly based on location.

The Best Time to Visit Northern Lights in the Northern Hemisphere (March Equinox)

The best time to visit northern lights is during the March equinox in the northern hemisphere. It is the time of year that the auroral zone emerges from its long, dark polar nights. The temperatures are still very frigid, but the skies are much clearer. This ends up creating the perfect conditions for aurora hunting. So, if you want to increase your odds of viewing the elusive lights during March, then you’ll want to go to locations like Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, or Iceland.

The Best Time to Visit Southern Lights in the Southern Hemisphere (September Equinox)

The southern hemisphere is the exact opposite. The southern auroral zone enters its spring during September, so places like Antarctica, New Zealand, and Tasmania, provide the best viewing locations. It’s important to remember though, that getting to the southern auroral zone is much more difficult. This is why very few have seen the aurora australis in all of its glory.

Challenges of Cloud Cover

Always remember that the transitional nature of the equinoxes means unpredictable weather. This can create storm systems that will bring increased cloud cover, especially in maritime climates. To capture a glimpse of the northern or southern lights, patience is of the essence. You will need to wait for a clear night, and even then, there’s still no guarantee that you will be able to see the lights dance across the skies.

Clouds can partially or completely block the auroras

Practical Tips for the Best Time to Visit Northern Lights

Now let’s take a look at some practical tips to increase your odds of viewing the auroras.

Watch the Space Weather Forecast

To increase your odds of capturing a glimpse of the elusive lights, you will need to pay close attention to space weather forecasts. Even if it’s the best time to visit northern lights, you should still download a copy of an aurora app like Aurora Alerts or check out the NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center’s website. Look for a Kp index of at least five or higher. The higher the number, the greater the chances of seeing the lights.

Choose the Right Location

Don’t forget to get far enough outside of any major urban area. The best time to visit northern lights is meaningless unless you travel more than 30 minutes beyond the city limits. Remember, the more remote you are, the better your odds. Try national parks, remote wilderness areas, or small villages.

Be Prepared for the Elements

Always be prepared for the weather. We’re not just talking about cloud coverage, we’re talking about the temperature. During the equinoxes, the nights can be downright frigid. You want to dress in warm layers and pack some extra blankets. Don’t forget to bring hot drinks to make your viewing experience even more enjoyable.

Timing Matters

Remember, the auroras can appear at any time day or night. The issue is, that we cannot see them during the day. As the sun sets, we go through various phases of twilight. But, to increase your odds of seeing the most intense storms imaginable, you will need to wait till it is completely dark at night, which generally occurs shortly after midnight. As a result, you will need to plan to stay out late.

Use the Right Equipment

Although it’s possible to take photos of the aurora borealis using your smartphone, they won’t exactly provide you with the best images. It’s important to remember that you need to have manual settings to capture the auroras in all of their beauty. With the help of a tripod, and long exposure times, you can create some vividly stunning photos.

Auroras Beyond the Equinoxes

Yes, the equinoxes do provide more favorable conditions for the appearance of the auroras, but the auroras can occur at any time of year. To increase your odds, pay closer attention to the sun’s solar cycle. This is an 11-year cycle, wherein the sun’s magnetic poles flip. And, as the poles flip, the amount of solar activity increases. The current solar cycle is expected to peak out during the 2024-2025 season. This means that now is the perfect time for viewing the elusive lights.

A Balanced Perspective

All of the myths that surround the auroras and the equinoxes being the best time to visit northern lights are rooted in truth. But, they are also rooted in misunderstandings. While the equinoxes do create the perfect conditions to enhance auroral activity, there is no guarantee of viewing frequent or widespread displays. Instead, we still need to rely on space weather and solar activity to determine whether or not we’ll even be able to see the lights. But, if you understand the science behind the auroras then you can approach aurora hunting with more realistic expectations. In the process, you may even develop a deeper appreciation for the natural forces that create these celestial wonders.

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